Auto Black and White Point Checkboxes
The Auto Black and White Point checkboxes control the range of tones in your image. They generally stretch the range of tones so that it has richer dark colors and cleaner light colors. Checking the Auto Black Point checkbox will pull dark colors darker, while leaving light colors mostly unaffected. The Auto White Point checkbox does a similar thing to the light colors, namely, it pulls light colors lighter while not significantly affecting the dark colors. By enabling both checkboxes, you get both effects at once: darker darks and lighter lights.
Here is an illustration showing all possible combinations of these two checkboxes:
You will usually want to have both checkboxes in their checked states. Exceptions to this rule are rare, since the analysis algorithm is quite sophisticated and automatically accounts for images that do not have any colors in them that are supposed to be pure black or pure white.